同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (四)

• LAB C :
  
  
  7. 在 /dev/hda5 啟動 Disk Quota limit。
  8. 實施Disk Quota limit 於usrer1 及 user2 兩個使用者帳號。
  9. /dev/hda5 的 soft limit 為20MB，hard limit 為 30 MB。
  10. usrer1 及 user2 兩個使用者帳號的家目錄Disk Quota limit 如下，soft limit 為10MB，hard limit 為 20 MB。

• 操作步驟 :
  
  
  STEP 1. 於/home 所在檔案系統加上usrquota、grpquota 掛載選項  
  

  [root@lab-2 /]# mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota / [root@lab-2 /]# mount | grep hdb2 /dev/hdb2 on / type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)

STEP 2. 建立配額資料庫

[root@lab-2 ~]# quotacheck -ugvm / quotacheck: Scanning /dev/hdb2 [/] done quotacheck: Checked 15168 directories and 137285 files [root@lab-2 ~]# quotacheck -ugvm /media/hdb5/ quotacheck: Scanning /dev/hdb5 [/media/hdb5] done quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 4 files [root@lab-2 ~]#

          ※  第一次執行時因為 / 及 /media/hdb5 目錄中均無配額資料庫檔 aquota.user、

                 aquota.group 所以會出現錯誤訊息，然後系統會自動產生配額資料庫檔

[root@lab-2 ~]# quotacheck -ugvm / quotacheck: Scanning /dev/hdb2 [/] done quotacheck: Checked 15168 directories and 137285 files [root@lab-2 ~]# quotacheck -ugvm / quotacheck: Scanning /dev/hdb2 [/] quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file: No such file or directory quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file: No such file or directory quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file: No such file or directory quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file: No such file or directory done quotacheck: Checked 15168 directories and 137283 files quotacheck: Old file not found. quotacheck: Old file not found. [root@lab-2 ~]# quotacheck -ugvm /media/hdb5/ quotacheck: Scanning /dev/hdb5 [/media/hdb5] quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file: No such file or directory quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file: No such file or directory quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file: No such file or directory quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file: No such file or directory done quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 2 files quotacheck: Old file not found. quotacheck: Old file not found. [root@lab-2 ~]# ls -l /aquota.* /media/hdb5/aquota.* -rw------- 1 root root 8192 Dec 9 01:39 /aquota.group -rw------- 1 root root 11264 Dec 9 01:39 /aquota.user -rw------- 1 root root 6144 Dec 9 01:39 /media/hdb5/aquota.group -rw------- 1 root root 6144 Dec 9 01:39 /media/hdb5/aquota.user

STEP 3. 啟動Disk Quota

[root@lab-2 ~]# quotaon / /media/hdb5

STEP 4. 設定 user1 及 user2 的 Disk Quota limit

[root@lab-2 /]# edquota -u user1 Disk quotas for user user1 (uid 506): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard /dev/hdb2 76 10240 20480 10 0 0 /dev/hdb5 0 30720 40960 0 0 0 [root@lab-2 /]# edquota -u user2 Disk quotas for user user2 (uid 507): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard /dev/hdb2 76 10240 20480 10 0 0 /dev/hdb5 0 30720 40960 0 0 0

STEP 5. 變更 /media/hdb5 的目錄權限，使 user1 及 user2具檔案新增權限，並確認user1

及 user2 的家目錄權限

[root@lab-2 ~]# ls -ld /media/hdb5/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 Dec 9 01:39 /media/hdb5/ [root@lab-2 ~]# chmod o+w /media/hdb5/ [root@lab-2 ~]# ls -ld /media/hdb5/ drwxr-xrwx 3 root root 1024 Dec 9 01:39 /media/hdb5/ [root@lab-2 /]# ls -ld /home/user1 drwx------ 3 user1 labuser 4096 Dec 6 14:40 /home/user1 [root@lab-2 /]# ls -ld /home/user2 drwx------ 3 user2 labuser 4096 Dec 6 14:39 /home/user2

STEP 6. 測試 user1 Disk Quota limit 是否生效

[user1@lab-2 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=file-1 bs=1M count=11 hdb2: warning, user block quota exceeded. 11+0 records in 11+0 records out 11534336 bytes (12 MB) copied, 0.0448105 seconds, 257 MB/s [user1@lab-2 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=file-2 bs=1M count=11 hdb2: write failed, user block limit reached. dd: writing `file-2': Disk quota exceeded 9+0 records in 8+0 records out 9318400 bytes (9.3 MB) copied, 0.0372815 seconds, 250 MB/s [user1@lab-2 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/hdb5/file-user1-1 bs=1M count=21 21+0 records in 21+0 records out 22020096 bytes (22 MB) copied, 0.156971 seconds, 140 MB/s [user1@lab-2 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/hdb5/file-user1-2 bs=1M count=11 hdb5: warning, user block quota exceeded. 11+0 records in 11+0 records out 11534336 bytes (12 MB) copied, 0.0659443 seconds, 175 MB/s [user1@lab-2 ~]$ quota Disk quotas for user user1 (uid 506): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/hdb2 20480* 10240 20480 12 0 0 /dev/hdb5 32900* 30720 40960 7days 2 0 0

STEP 7. 測試 user2 Disk Quota limit 是否生效

[user2@lab-2 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=file-1 bs=1M count=11 hdb2: warning, user block quota exceeded. 11+0 records in 11+0 records out 11534336 bytes (12 MB) copied, 0.0328104 seconds, 352 MB/s [user2@lab-2 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=file-2 bs=1M count=11 hdb2: write failed, user block limit reached. dd: writing `file-2': Disk quota exceeded 9+0 records in 8+0 records out 9318400 bytes (9.3 MB) copied, 0.0291954 seconds, 319 MB/s [user2@lab-2 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/hdb5/file-user2-1 bs=1M count=21 21+0 records in 21+0 records out 22020096 bytes (22 MB) copied, 0.101413 seconds, 217 MB/s [user2@lab-2 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/hdb5/file-user2-2 bs=1M count=11 hdb5: warning, user block quota exceeded. 11+0 records in 11+0 records out 11534336 bytes (12 MB) copied, 0.0535639 seconds, 215 MB/s [user2@lab-2 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/hdb5/file-user2-3 bs=1M count=11 hdb5: write failed, user block limit reached. hdb5: write failed, user block limit reached. dd: writing `/media/hdb5/file-user2-3': Disk quota exceeded 8+0 records in 7+0 records out 8216576 bytes (8.2 MB) copied, 0.0546072 seconds, 150 MB/s [user2@lab-2 ~]$ quota Disk quotas for user user2 (uid 507): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/hdb2 20480* 10240 20480 12 0 0 /dev/hdb5 40958* 30720 40960 6days 3 0 0

        

      同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (一)   

      同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (二)

      同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (三)

      同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (四)

同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (三)

• LAB B :

4. 建立 檔案系統/dev/hda5(容量100MB)。
5. /dev/hda5的檔案系統格式為 ext3。
6. 將/dev/hda5 掛載到 /media/hda5。

• 操作步驟 :

         STEP 1. 確認硬碟裝置檔檔名

[root@lab-2 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/hdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/hdb2 14 778 6144862+ 83 Linux /dev/hdb3 779 909 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris

STEP 2. 執行 fdisk 劃分檔案系統

[root@lab-2 ~]# fdisk /dev/hdb

STEP 3. 執行 fdisk 劃分檔案系統

[root@lab-2 ~]# fdisk /dev/hdb

STEP 4. 新增延伸分割區 /dev/hdb4

Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/hdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/hdb2 14 778 6144862+ 83 Linux /dev/hdb3 779 909 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e Selected partition 4 First cylinder (910-1044, default 910): Using default value 910 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (910-1044, default 1044): Using default value 1044 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/hdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/hdb2 14 778 6144862+ 83 Linux /dev/hdb3 779 909 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/hdb4 910 1044 1084387+ 5 Extended

STEP 5. 新增邏輯分割區 /dev/hdb5(容量 100MB)

Command (m for help): n First cylinder (910-1044, default 910): Using default value 910 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (910-1044, default 1044): +100M Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/hdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/hdb2 14 778 6144862+ 83 Linux /dev/hdb3 779 909 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/hdb4 910 1044 1084387+ 5 Extended /dev/hdb5 910 922 104391 83 Linux

STEP 6. 儲存變更後的Partition Table並使用 partprobe 進行同步作業使New Partition Table 生效

(或重啟系統使New Partition Table 生效)

Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. Syncing disks. You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root [root@lab-2 ~]# partprobe

STEP 7. 將 /dev/hdb5 格式化為 ext3 檔案系統

[root@lab-2 ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hdb5 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 26104 inodes, 104388 blocks 5219 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008 13 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (4096 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@lab-2 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/hdb5 | grep 'Filesystem features:' dumpe2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem features: has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super [root@lab-2 ~]#

STEP 8. 建立掛載點 /media/hdb5

[root@lab-2 ~]# ls -ld /media/hdb5 ls: /media/jdb5: No such file or directory [root@lab-2 ~]# mkdir /media/hdb5 [root@lab-2 ~]# ls -ld /media/hdb5 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 6 15:21 /media/hdb5

STEP 9. 將/dev/hdb5 掛載到 /media/hdb5 並確認掛載選項正確

[root@lab-2 ~]# mount -t ext3 -o usrquota,grpquota /dev/hdb5 /media/hdb5/ [root@lab-2 ~]# mount | grep hdb5 /dev/hdb5 on /media/hdb5 type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)

同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (一)   

同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (二)

同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (三)

同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (四)

同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (二)

•   LAB A :

1. 新增使用者帳號 user1~user50 。
2. 使用者所屬群組均為 labuser。
3. usrer1 及 user2 的密碼均為 PassWord

• 操作步驟 :

STEP 1. 確認 labuser 群組帳號是否已存在

[root@lab-2 ~]# cat /etc/group | grep labuser [root@lab-2 ~]#

STEP 2. 新增 labuser 群組帳號

[root@lab-2 ~]# groupadd labuser [root@lab-2 ~]# cat /etc/group | grep labuser labuser:x:506: [root@lab-2 ~]#

STEP 3. 新增使用者帳號 user1~user50，其所屬群組均為 labuser

[root@lab-2 ~]# for i in {1..50};do useradd -g labuser user$i; done 或 [root@lab-2 ~]# for i in $(seq 1 50);do useradd -g labuser user$i; done

           ※ 若要同時為所有使用者設定密碼(密碼為 PassWord)可使用下列命令

1. 新增帳號並同時建立密碼檔 # for i in {1..50};do useradd -g labuser user$i; touch passwd.txt; echo “user$i:PassW”>> passed.txt; done 2.使用chpassed 為使用者變更密碼 # cat passwd.txt | chpasswd 3.驗證 #cat /etc/shadow | grep user* user1:$1$Rg32g/ok$VsPXkKi2wiKKyF.HHCFT9/:14949:0:99999:7::: user2:$1$Rg32g/ok$VsPXkKi2wiKKyF.HHCFT9/:14949:0:99999:7::: . user50:$1$Rg32g/ok$VsPXkKi2wiKKyF.HHCFT9/:14949:0:99999:7::: [root@lab-2 ~]# su - user1 [user1@lab-2 ~]$ su - user2 Password: [user2@lab-2 ~]$

STEP 4. 設定 user1及user2 的密碼為 PassWord

[root@lab-2 ~]# passwd user1 Changing password for user user1. New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@lab-2 ~]# passwd user2 Changing password for user user2. New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@lab-2 ~]#

      同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (一)   

      同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (二)

      同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (三)

      同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (四)

同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (一)

• 類別 : [TMLDP] [System Administrator] [LAB]

• 主題 : 同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit 的實驗
  
  
• 適用發行版 : RedHat 系列發行版 ( RHEL、CentOS、Fedora...)
  ※其他發行版尚未實測
  、
• LAB 環境 : RHEL 5.5
  
  
• 要進行這個測試你需要知道，

1. 如何新增帳號及設定使用者密碼
2. 如何同時新增多組帳號
3. 了解 Disk Quota 的設定程序
4. 了解檔案系統的建立、格式化及掛載

• 相關主題 : [帳號管理] [Bash Shell Script] [Disk Quota Mangement] [Maintaining Linux Filesystem]                

• 實驗要求 :

1. 新增使用者帳號 user1~user50 。
2. 使用者所屬群組均為 labuser。
3. usrer1 及 user2 的密碼均為 PassWord
4. 建立 檔案系統/dev/hda5(容量 100MB)。
5. /dev/hda5的檔案系統格式為 ext3。
6. 將/dev/hda5 掛載到 /media/hda5。
7. 在 /dev/hda5 啟動 Disk Quota limit。
8. 實施Disk Quota limit 於usrer1 及 user2 兩個使用者帳號。
9. /dev/hda5 的 soft limit 為20MB，hard limit 為 30 MB
10. usrer1 及 user2 兩個使用者帳號的家目錄Disk Quota limit 如下，soft limit 為10MB，hard limit 為 20 MB

    
    

    
    

    
    

    同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (一)   

    同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (二)

    同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (三)

    同時新增多組帳號及Disk Quota limit的實驗 (四)